Sentence: Noun: Learn English

Part of Speech

    In any language, there are letters, we join letters become words, join words become sentence.
In this blog focus on part of Speech.
Let's start with Sentence, " A group of words, which makes complete sense is called a Sentence."

There are four kind of of Sentences:

1. Those make statements or assertions. Its called a Assertive sentence.
2. Those ask question; Its called Interrogative sentence.
3. Those express commands, requests, or entreaties; Its called an Imperative sentence.
4. Those express strong feelings; Its called an Exclamatory sentence.

When we make a sentence:
     We name some person or thing;
     Say something about that person or thing.
So, we can say like, we must have subject to speak and we must say or predicate something about that subject.

So we can divided Sentences in two parts;
Subject: The part which names or person or thing we are speaking about.
Predicate: The part which tells about the subjects.

    Part of Speech divided into different kinds according to their use, according to the work they do in sentence.
   There are eight parts of speech.

1. Noun       2. Adjective      3. Pronoun      4. Verb    
5. Adverb    6.Preposition    7. Conjunction 5. Interjection

 Noun

A Noun is a word used as the name of person, place or thing.

Now look at one sentence:

       Akbar was a great king.

In above sentence, Akbar is applied for particular king, but noun king might be applied for other king also. There fore here two kind of noun: 

    Proper Noun: Akbar         Common Noun:   King

So, what's difference between this two noun:

Common Noun: Those noun given in common to every person or thing of the same class or kind.

      

Proper Noun:     Those noun use for particular person or place. Note: Proper Noun are always written with capital letter at beginning. 

       - She is Geeta

       - Kalidas is often called the Shakespeare of India.

Common Nouns include what are Collective Noun and Abstract Nouns

Collective Noun: is the name of number/collection of person or things taken together and spoken of as one whole; eg. An Army, A family, A team, A crowd 

Abstract Noun: is usually the name of quality, action or state considered apart from the oject to which it belongs;

  Quality :  Brightness, Goodness, kindness, darkness, honesty, wisdom, bravery

  Action  :  Laughter, theft, movement, judgement

  State     :  Childhood, youth, sleep, poverty

Another classification of nouns is whether they are countable or uncountable.

Countable Nouns: are the names of objects, people etc. that we can count. like, pen, apple, horse

Uncountable Nouns: are the names of things which we cannot count. like, milk, oil, sugar, gold.

Note: Countable nouns have plural forms while uncountable nouns do not

For Example: we can say - Books; but we can't say - Sugars

The Noun : Gender

We know that, living thing either the male or the female sex. Let's see some pairs

     Boy          Lion            Hero      

     Girl          Lioness       Heroine
In first row, word of each pair is the name of male animal.
In second row, word of each pair is the name of female animal.
(Humans are social animal, okay)

A male animal is said to be of the Masculine Gender.
A female animal is said to be of the Feminine Gender.

But, when a noun that denotes either a male or a female is said to be of the Common Gender.
For Example, Parent, Child, enemy, cousin, person, student, pupil, thief.

The Feminine of nouns: using in three ways 

1. Entirely different words, for example:

 Husband - Wife      Boy - Girl     Gentleman - Lady     Man - Woman    Gather -  Mother

Sir - Madam    Son - Daughter    Uncle - Aunt    Nephew - Niece     King - Queen    Ram - Ewe

2. By Adding a syllable (-ess, -ine, -trix, -a, etc.), for example:

Author - Authoress    Lion - Lioness     Host - Hostess    Shepherd - Shepherdess 

Tiger - Tigress     Hero - Heroine    Sultan - Sultana    Hunter - Huntress

3. By placing a word before or after, for example:

Grandmother - Grandfather    Landlord - Landlady    Milkman - Milkwoman

The Noun: Number

     Tree          Box           Ox               Man

     Trees        Boxes        Oxen           Men

In first raw, denote one things, the second raw denote more than one.

A Noun that denotes one person or thing is called Singular Number;

A Noun that denotes more than one person or thing, is called Plural Number.

Using Plurals

- The Plural of nouns is generally formed by adding -s to the singular. For example:

    Boy - Boys         Girl - Girls        Book - Books        Pen - Pens     Cow - Cows

- But Noun ending in -s, -sh, -ch, -x  -o form the plural adding -es to the singular, For example:

    Class - Classes       kiss - kisses     dish - dishes     brush - brushes         tax - taxes

    

    Match - Matches   Mango - Mangoes    Box - Boxes   Watch - Watches   Potato - Potatoes

Note: A few Nouns ending in -o merely add -s.  For example,

    

    Canto - Cantos     Logo - Logos     Ratio - Ratios    Photo - Photos    Piano - Pianos

- Nouns ending in -y, their plural by changing -y into -i and adding -ies. or we say replace -y with -ies. For example

     Baby - Babies    Lady - Ladies    City - Cities    Army - Armies    Story - Stories    

- Nouns ending in -f or -fe, their plural by changing -f or -fe into -v and adding -es, or we can say, -f or -fe replaced by -ves. For example,

    Thief - Thieves    Wife - Wives    Wolf - Wolves    life - lives    Calf - Calves   Self - Selves

    knife - Knives     leaf - leaves    Loaf - Loaves    shelf - shelves

Note: other words ending with -f or -fe add -s. For example,

    Chef - Chiefs         Safe - Safes    Proof - Proofs    Gulf - Gulfs     Cliff - Cliffs

- A few nouns from their plural by changing the inside  vowel of the singular.  For Example:

    Man - Men    Woman - Women    Foot - Feet     Tooth - Teeth    Mouse - Mice  

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